The Jungle page 78-115

       Ona and Jurgis' wedding ceremony had put them over one-hundred dollars in debt. Illness strikes the family frequently due to the unsanitary conditions of Packingtown, but no one can take a day off work to recover. Dede Antanas had died in packingtown, because there was a bad snow storm and the company did not provide heating during work. Tamoszius, a musician, begins to court Marija. His fiddle-playing brings a note of cheer into the family’s life. Marija’s canning factory shuts down and she loses her job. During the winter, after the rush season, many factories close down and many workers lose their jobs. Jurgis attends union meetings regularly and resolves to learn English by attending night school and having the children help him. Jurgis becomes a U.S. citizen at the urging of a man at his plant.  He learns of the graft, corruption, and greed spread by the likes of Mike Scully, a local Irish politician in Packingtown.  He comes to realize that the dishonest meat companies sell diseased meat and label cans as “deviled ham” or “potted ham” although the contents are a mixture of leftover bits and entrails from any number of slaughtered animals. Spring arrives and with it come frequent cold rains and mud. In the summer, the factories are infernos. Marija regains her job at the can painting factory, only to lose it two months later. She is fired when she vocally protests being cheated out of a portion of her wages. The loss of her income is devastating to the family because during the summer Ona discovers that she is pregnant. Ona gives birth to a healthy boy. She and Jurgis name him Antanas after Jurgis’s father. Jurgis is seized with an overpowering affection for his child and his commitment to his role as a family man grows in consequence. But his long work hours prevent him from seeing his son very much. Ona returns to work a week after giving birth, and her health suffers badly.
        
           I thought that was unfortunate how Dede Atanas died because of the poor working conditions, and how there was no heat during the extremely cold days. I also, thought it would be very unfortunate to work in a place like that because it is scorching heat in the summer, and is like an icebox in the winter. I thought that it was nasty and full of corruption how the meat packing plants were selling to the public a certain meat like ham, when it could have included any type of meat. I also thought that it was wrong how many of the factory workers got sick because of eating the meat that had a disease associated with it.
          

The jungle 51-77

          Jurgis begins his job of sweeping the entrails of slaughtered cattle through trap doors. He earns a little over two dollars for twelve hours of labor. The family finds a paper advertising the sale of four-room homes for fifteen hundred dollars. Buyers need only pay three hundred dollars down and the monthly payment is twelve dollars. Ona, Marija, and Teta Elzbieta visit the real estate agent, a slick, well-dressed man who speaks Lithuanian. The entire family makes a trip to see the house. To their disappointment, it doesn’t look as new or big as the one in the advertisement. Ona and Teta Elzbieta, accompanied by Jokubas, meet the agent to close the deal. The family purchases household necessities and settles happily into their home. One man promises Dede Antanas a job in exchange for one-third of his wages. Jurgis speaks to a friend and coworker, Tamoszius Kuszleika, about this practice. Tamoszius explains that corruption exists everywhere in Packingtown. From the top to bottom in the chain of power, people take advantage of one another. It is impossible to move ahead without taking part in the web of graft and corruption. Marija learns that her job came at the expense of a fifteen-year employee. She also learns that Jonas obtained his job after his predecessor died as a result of the unsafe working conditions. Grandmother Majauszkiene, a wizened old Lithuanian neighbor, explains to the family that houses such as the one they have taken are a swindle.  No one is able to buy the houses because, for the Packingtown workers, missing even one month’s payment means eviction and the forfeiture of everything paid on it.

        I think that Jurgis is a very hard worker, and he will do almost anything for his family. He said that he was very happy sweeping up slaughtered cattle, when everyone else was complaining about their jobs. I am also shocked at what the people have to do to get jobs, like Dede had to give one-third of his wages to the man that helped him get a job. I also think that the contract for buying the house might be a mistake, because if they miss one payment, then they lose all of the money that they put into the house, and they get put out onto the streets.

The Jungle page 26-50

          Jurgis came to Chicago from the rural countryside of Lithuania. In Lithuania, Ona’s father died, leaving his family troubled by debt. They lost their farm and had little in cash savings. They spoke of traveling to America, where the wages were much higher. Jurgis worked for months to save money to help pay for the cost of the voyage. His father, Dede Antanas, resolved to go with his son and Ona’s family. By a stroke of luck, Jonas finds Jokubas Szedvilas, the Lithuanian man whom he claimed had made a fortune. Jokubas owns a delicatessen in Chicago but he is suffering financial troubles. Jurgis and Ona go for a walk through their new neighborhood. The stench of rotting animal flesh and animal excrement, along with billowing smoke, fills the air. After gazing at Packingtown in the distance for a few moments, Jurgis promises to go and get a job. Jokubas takes the family on a tour of Packingtown. They are amazed to see pens packed with tens of thousands of cattle, pigs, and sheep. Jokubas notes sarcastically the signs regarding the sanitation rules. The government inspector who checks the slaughtered pigs for signs of tuberculosis often lets several carcasses go unchecked. Spoiled meat is specially doctored in secret before it is scattered among the rest of the meat in preparation for canning and packing.

I think that the part is a little bit disturbing where Jokubas is showing Ona and Jurgis the meat packing plant. It feels wrong because of how the workers just sarcastically read the sign regarding sanitation. Also, how the government inspector often misses many of the dead animals to inspect for tuberculosis. I also, think that when the spoiled meat goes in private, it does not actually gets cured of whatever ills it before it is distributed to the rest of the public.

The Jungle page 1-25

         Around the turn of the twentieth century, Ona Lukoszaite and Jurgis Rudkus, two Lithuanian immigrants who have recently arrived in Chicago, are being married. The celebration takes place in a hall near the Chicago stockyards in an area of the city known as Packingtown because it is the center of the meat-packing industry. The highlight of the celebration is the guests, linking their hands, form a rotating circle while the musicians play; the bride stands in the middle and each male guest takes a turn dancing with her. After this every male guest is expected to drop money in the hat held by Teta Elzbieta, Ona’s stepmother. Many unscrupulous guests take advantage of the families of the newlyweds at these celebrations, however, filling themselves with food and drink and leaving without contributing any money. Noticing that many people are leaving without paying, Ona becomes frightened and worried about the cost of the ceremony, but Jurgis promises that they will find some way to pay the bill.  He vows that he will simply work harder and earn more money. The celebration is overshadowed by the knowledge that most of the men who are lucky enough to have jobs must report to work early in the morning. If a worker is one minute late, he loses an hour’s pay; if he is twenty minutes late, he loses his job. Getting fired means waiting for hours in doorways for up to weeks at a time to obtain another job. In Packingtown, men, women, and children alike work grueling hours for the most paltry of wages.

      I thought that the punishment for being late to work in these time periods were a little bit harsh, but looking back on the time period the employers could replace an unskilled worker very easily. I also, thought that it was a little bit cruel how the people at the wedding would not leave any money to help pay for the huge celebration. I also, like how the area in Chicago was called Packingtown, because it was the center of the meat-packing industry.

huckleberry Finn page 401-451

            Tom insists that Jim scratch an inscription bearing his coat of arms on the wall of the shed, the way the books say. Tom, however, expresses disapproval at the fact that they are writing on a wall made of wood rather than stone. The boys try to steal a millstone, but it proves too heavy for them, so they sneak Jim out to help. As Huck and Jim struggle with the millstone, Huck wryly notes that Tom has a talent for supervising while others do the work. Tom tries to get Jim to take a rattlesnake or rat into the shack to tame, and then tries to convince Jim to grow a flower to water with his tears. Jim protests against the unnecessary amount of trouble Tom wants to create, but Tom replies that his ideas present opportunities for greatness. Huck and Tom capture rats and snakes to put in the shed with the captive Jim and accidentally infest the Phelps house with them.  Uncle Silas, not having heard back from the plantation from which the leaflet said Jim ran away, plans to advertise Jim as a captured runaway in the New Orleans and St. Louis newspapers. Later that night, Huck sees that fifteen uneasy local farmers with guns have gathered in the front room of the house. Huck goes to the shed to warn Jim and Tom, but news of the armed men only excites Tom even more.  Suddenly, the men attack the shed. In the darkness, Tom, Huck, and Jim escape through the hole they cut in the wall. Tom makes a noise going over the fence, attracting the attention of the men, who shoot at the boys and Jim as they run. They make it to their canoe and set off downstream toward the island where the raft is hidden. They delight in their success, especially Tom, who has a bullet in the leg as a souvenir. Huck and Jim are concerned about Tom’s wound, and Jim says they should get a doctor.  is brought in semi-conscious on a mattress, accompanied by a crowd including Jim, in chains, and the doctor. Some of the local men would like to hang Jim but are unwilling to risk having to compensate Jim’s master. They treat Jim roughly and chain him hand and foot inside the shed. The doctor intervenes, telling the crowd how Jim has sacrificed his freedom to help nurse Tom. When Aunt Polly and the Phelpses hear about the assistance Jim gave the doctor in nursing Tom, they immediately unchain him, feed him, and treat him like a king. Huck now has nothing more to write about and is “rotten glad” about that, because writing a book turned out to be quite a task. He does not plan any future writings.

            I thought that this was a good end to the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain. I thought that it was funny how long Huck and Tom were taking to try and free Jim, like the ways in Tom's books. I also, thought that it was funny how Tom was excited that he was hit with a bullet from the armed men. I also, liked how after Tom made a full recovery, he was wearing the bullet that had hit him in the leg. I thought that it was a little bit odd how everyone was treating Jim very poorly, but then once they heard that he helped nurse Tom back to health than they treated him like royalty.

Huckleberry Finn 368-400

       Tom, disappointed that Silas Phelps has taken so few precautions to guard Jim, proclaims that he and Huck will have to invent all the obstacles to Jim’s rescue. Tom says they must saw Jim’s chain off instead of just lifting it off the bed’s framework, because that’s how it’s done in all the books.  Despite all the theft that the plan entails, Tom chastises Huck for stealing a watermelon from the slaves’ garden and makes Huck give the slaves a dime as compensation. Late that night, Tom and Huck, after much fruitless effort, give up digging with the knives and switch to pick-axes instead.  The next day, they gather candlesticks, spoons, and tin plates. Tom says that Jim can etch a declaration of his captivity on the tin plate using the other objects, then throw it out the window for the world to read, just like in Tom’s novels. Tom convinces Jim’s keeper, Nat, who believes witches are haunting him, that the only cure is to bake a “witch pie” and give it to Jim. Tom plans to bake a rope ladder into the pie. Aunt Sally notices the missing shirt, candles, sheets, and other articles Huck and Tom steal for their plan, and she takes out her anger at the disappearances on seemingly everyone except the boys. She believes that perhaps rats have stolen some of the items, so Huck and Tom secretly plug up the ratholes in the house, confounding Uncle Silas when he goes to do the same job. By removing and then replacing sheets and spoons, the boys confuse Sally so much that she loses track of how many she has. The baking of the “witch pie” is a trying task, but the boys finally finish it and send it to Jim.

     I thought that Tom's plan to try and free Jim was very funny. How he is going to bake a rope ladder into a pie so that Jim can be free. I also, like how at first Huck and Tom are trying to dig to Jim using kitchen knives. I also like how Tom is trying to simulate what happened in his books, and how he tries to apply it to his own life in rescuing a slave.

Huckleberry Finn 337-367

           With only trust in providence to help him free his friend, Huck finds the Phelps’s house, where Jim is supposedly being held. A pack of hounds threatens Huck, but a slave woman calls them off. The white mistress of the house, Sally, comes outside, delighted to see Huck because she is certain he is her nephew, Tom. Huck is not sure he will be able to keep up the charade as Tom. When Sally’s husband, Silas, returns, however his enthusiastic greeting reveals to Huck that Sally and Silas are the aunt and uncle of none other than Tom Sawyer, Huck’s best friend. Huck meets Tom’s wagon coming down the road. Tom is at first startled by the “ghost,” believing that Huck was murdered back in St. Petersburg, but is eventually convinced that Huck is actually alive. Tom even agrees to help Huck free Jim. That night, Huck and Tom sneak out of the house. As they walk on the road, they see a mob of townspeople running the duke and the dauphin, tarred and feathered, out of town on a rail. Huck feels bad for the two, and his ill feelings toward them melt away. “Human beings can be awful cruel to one another,” he observes. Huck concludes that a conscience is useless because it makes you feel bad no matter what you do. Tom remembers seeing a black man delivering food to a shed on the Phelps property earlier that evening and deduces that the shed is where Jim is being held. Huck and Tom get Jim’s keeper, a superstitious slave, to let them see Jim. When Jim cries out in recognition, Tom protects their secret by tricking Jim’s keeper into thinking the cry was the work of witches. Tom and Huck promise to dig Jim out and begin to make preparations.

          I thought that it was a little bit strange how the one town that Huck and Jim are in, Tom Sawyer's Aunt and Uncle live there. I also, thought it was weird how out of all the house's Tom's family were the ones that were holding the runaway slaves. So this almost appeared that the setting made it easier for Huck to get back Jim. I am also surprised that the one time in the year for Tom to visit his Aunt and Uncle, is also the time that Huck is there.